The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

The table below allows you to easily determine the modulation level of an AM transmitter. Connect an RF sample to the horizontal input of an oscilloscope and set the peak-to-peak (pk-pk) unmodulated ...

Digital or vector modulation can provide increased spectral efficiency, higher data security, and higher quality communications. This comes at a cost of increased system complexity and a resultant ...

In the process of debugging and validating both digital and RF designs, the oscilloscope Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) function and a variety of other math functions can prove valuable to designers ...

Oscilloscopes remain a hot topic on the RF DesignLine, so I had a virtual “sit down” with some leaders in the industry to see where the technology is, and where they think it is going. The following ...

Tektronix has released its SignalVu Spectrum Analyzer Software, Version 5.4, for multi-channel modulation analysis of up to eight signals in parallel. Engineers can use this software to turn their ...

[brmarcum] takes us back to analog building block basics with his Frequency Modulation and Demodulation tutorial. Frequency Modulation (FM) sounds simple at first, but understanding the electronics ...

Rigol has added a vector signal analyser option to its RSA5000 series spectrum analysers, for characterising complex RF modulation schemes – including QAM, QPSK, ASK, MSK and FSK. “The VSA application ...

Optical frequency combs, generated by means of self-referenced and stabilized mode-locked lasers, have enabled revolutionary progress in precision optical frequency synthesis and metrology 1,2,3,4.